National Differences in Political Economy - 2934 Words

Chapter 02 National Differences in Political Economy True / False Questions 1. A countrys political economy and culture are independent of each other. True False 2. It is not possible to have democratic societies that emphasize a mix of collectivism and individualism. True False 3. The communists believed that socialism could be achieved by democratic means, and turned their backs on violent revolution and dictatorship. True False 4. In an individualist society, the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. True False 5. The central message of collectivism is that individual economic and political freedoms are the ground†¦show more content†¦There is a strong relationship between economic freedom and economic growth. True False 32. The general assertion that nations that invest more in education will have higher growth rates has been proved false. True False 33. Since the 1980s, the political economy of many nations has seen a shift away from centrally planned and mixed economies toward more free market economic models. True False 34. One of the reasons for the spread of democracy is the emergence of increasingly prosperous middle and working classes who have pushed for democratic reforms. True False 35. According to political scientist Samuel Huntingtons thesis, global terrorism is a product of the tension between civilizations and the clash of value systems and ideology. True False 36. Transformation from centrally planned command economies to market-based economies can be attributed to the fact that command and mixed economies failed to deliver the sustained economic performance achieved by countries adopting market-based systems. True False 37. Economic freedom necessarily equates with political freedom. True False 38. Deregulation involves removing legal restrictions to the free play of markets, the establishment of private enterprises, and the manner in which private enterprises operate. True False 39. Today, global changes in the political economy are characterized by free markets and democracy,Show MoreRelatedNational Differences in Political Economy1295 Words   |  6 Pages2 National Differences in Political Economy Global Political Economy Global political economy (GPE) is an academic discipline within the social sciences that analyzes international relations in combination with political economy. Political economy is most commonly used to refer to interdisciplinary studies that draw on economics, law, and political science in order to explain how political institutions, the political environment, and the economics mix with each other. 1 Roles of HistoryRead MoreNational Differences Of Political Economy : Poland Vs Egypt1627 Words   |  7 PagesINTL500 Case Study Mynthek Yeo July, 19th 2015 National Differences in Political Economy: Poland Vs Egypt Introduction The study and the use of economic theory and how the methods influenced political ideology. Political economy is the interaction between economics, law and politics, and how institutions develop in different social and economic systems such as capitalism, socialism and communism. Political Economy Analysis of how public policy is created and implemented. Because different individualsRead MoreLiberalism and Mercantilism1287 Words   |  6 PagesLiberalism and Mercantilism International political economy is an important subdiscipline of international relation. It has three main ideologies, Liberalism, Mercantilism and Marxism. In this essay there will be three parts, first part is to demonstrate what the Liberalism and Mercantilism are on the perspective of international political economy and then the second part is to compare and contrast these two ideologies of political economy. At last, give a conclusion to the Liberalism and MercantilismRead MoreThe Nature of Political Economy†931 Words   |  4 PagesNature of Political Economy† This chapter introduces differences and similarities between politics and economics. Both of them affect one another. In another hand, politicians and economists have different ideas and consumptions about the same facts. Also, they choose different ways of analysis. Moreover, Mr. Gilpin talks about the importance of the understanding the nature of political economy. In today’s rapidly changing world, where globalization takes place and deeply influences national economicsRead MoreEconomic Difference as the Main Cause of the Civil War774 Words   |  4 Pagesargue that the political difference between the North and the South is a more influential cause of the Civil War while some insist that economic is the main cause. In fact, the political division between the North and the South was affected by the differences in the economic system of both. The North and the South had had different economic backgrounds that were established since the American colonial period. These econo mic differences from the colonial period brought about the political division thatRead MoreDrivers and Consequences of Globalization Essay examples1106 Words   |  5 Pagesdrivers impact organizations, describe the risks associated with global investing and explain the importance of cultural sensitivity and ethics in global finance. Global Finance Environment Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of economies, markets, and people across nations. Increasing globalization creates additional competition from around the world, which then affects both local jobs and company profits. Globalization also has the potential to raise standard of livingRead MoreThe Decline of the Democrats1567 Words   |  6 PagesDemocrats--The Decline of the South The history of political parties in the United States has always hinged upon the key sectarian differences of the times in which such parties were existent. The very foundation of political parties in this country, which began with the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, is demonstrative of this fact as those two groups were largely split on the issue of national versus states rights and the implementation of a national bank. As the country matured from its initialRead More2002 APUSH DBQ1468 Words   |  6 PagesStates. However, political changes and economic differences between the states warped this nationalism into the sectionalism that divided the country into north, south and west regions. Celebrations of unity within the United States soon turned into disagreements concerning representation within the government and the differences within the national government caused by the emergence of different Republican factions. States distanced themselves from working collectively i n a united economy. They were largelyRead MoreAchieving the Goals of the French955 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution is known to be the bloodiest and most violent revolution humankind has experienced. The French Revolution was started with the following three goals in mind: a change in government, a change in economy, and the delivery of equality for all. An extensive effort was used to correct these problems; however, it came at the cost of people’s freedom. Authoritarian revolutionaries intended to solve France’s struggles and drove the revolution in hope to improve the lives of the peopleRead MoreNorth And South Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesissues prominent in their campaigns to gather votes in these two regions were government, economy, and slavery. Using these topics as foundations, the members of both parties of the Second American Party System aimed establish harmony between the north and south. Slavery played a major role in American society during the early 1820s. The argument over Missouri was a huge issue in the widening differences between north and south. Missouri applied for admission to the Union as a slave state, but

Essay on Lithium and Bipolar Disorder - 1903 Words

Lithium and Bipolar Disorder INTRODUCTION The drug lithium has been used for a variety of disorders such as gout, diabetes, and epilepsy for over 100 years. It was not until 1949 when John Cade discovered that lithium had a calming effect on guinea pigs that the possibilities of it being used for mania were explored (Paykel, 1992). Since then, lithium has been established as one of the primary treatments for manic depression disorder. In the body of this paper we will explore the chemistry of lithium, the synaptic transmitters involved, the parts of the neuron affected, the inhibitory and excitatory potential changes, the ion channels effected, the physiological changes, the primary behavior changes, the†¦show more content†¦When lithium is combined with other atoms, several useful molecules can be created. For the purposes of this paper we will consider the lithium salts, such as lithium carbonate, lithium citrate, and lithium sulfate. These molecules, among others, are used in psychiatry for the treatment of bipolar I disorder. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) has an atomic weight of 73.89, and is the most popular of the lithium salts in use today (Johnson, 1980). It is not clear why this is, as there does not appear to be a significant difference between lithium carbonate and the other lithium salts. For a complete listing of lithium salts currently in use, see table 1. Lithium salts are preferred for medical use because they are soluble in water, whereas natural lithium is found in silicate form and is therefore not water soluble. Lithium salts have a half life of approximately 1830 hours in the body, depending on the weight of the subject (Williams, 1973). ROUTE OF ACCESS Lithium is usually taken orally in pill form, or injected directly into the bloodstream. In pill form, there are normal and time release doses available. Because the margin between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose (therapeutic index) is so small, the time release form is more popular. In this way, theShow MoreRelatedLithium And Its Effects On Bipolar Disorder1394 Words   |  6 Pages1. Provide a rationale for the use of Lithium Carbonate that Ellen is currently prescribed. Lithium Carbonate is the most commonly drug that is prescribed for treating bipolar disorder (May, Hickey, Triantis, Palazidou, Kyriacou, 2015). It works as a mood stabilizer that significantly reduces excessive behaviors and suicidal tendencies. However, the way that lithium exerts its impact on mood is still unknown. One study suggests that key of lithium therapeutic actions are the neuroprotective effectsRead MoreLithium And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1820 Words   |  8 PagesLithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a serious illness that can upset a person’s entire life if they do not receive proper medical or therapeutic treatment to manage the presenting symptoms. Bipolar disorder includes an array of moods that can range from extreme highs (mania, hypomania) and extreme lows (bipolar depression) that can be treated by medication. One medication that works well in treating the highs and lows, while preventing further mood upsets is lithiumRead MoreLithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder1815 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. However, due to the high incidence of inadequate preventive response, as well as a host of undesirable side effects and a narrow therapeutic index, health care providers have sought other mood stabilizing medications for either monotherapy or use with Lithium. One such medication is Carbamazepine, used either in monotherapy or in combination with other medications. While pharmacotherapyRead MoreLithium And Treatment Of Bipolar Affective Disorder1170 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Lithium is a mood-stabilizing drug that has been used effectively in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder for many years, and increasing evidence suggests its effectiveness in reducing the risk of suicide ( Sugawara, N.,Yasul-Furukori, N., Ishil, N., Iwata, N., Terao, T.2013). There are different ways lithium can be useful to everybody in a different ways. Lithium carbonate is a type of medication used to treat manic depression and bipolar. Another uses of lithium that is veryRead MoreEssay on The Efficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder2065 Words   |  9 PagesEfficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder Lithium is a psychotropic drug that became available in 1970 as a mood stabilizing medication for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. It has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of manic states, as well as the depression that is concomitant with bipolar disorder. Much research has been done in the short duration of lithiums employment to evaluate its efficacy and side effects. As stated above, Lithium stabilizesRead MoreLithium Carbonate And The Treatment Of Manic Episodes Associated With Bipolar Disorder1260 Words   |  6 Pages1. Lithobid also known as lithium carbonate is used for the treatment of manic episodes associated with Bipolar Disorder. Each extended release tablet contains 300mg of lithium carbonate. Due to its formulation, the lithium carbonate is slowly released into the bloodstream over a period of time with the ultimate goal of reaching serum concentrations between 1.0 and 1.5 mEq/L. It is important to understand the drug formulation because if toxicity occurs, activated charcoal will not bind to an ionicRead MoreBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering fr om the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. One fact of which we are aware, is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational successRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Serious Mental Condition1174 Words   |  5 Pages Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder (BPD) is known to be a serious mental condition. Bipolar disorder is also classified as manic-depressive disorder. It is characterized as malfunction with the brain by mood changes that includes a persistent increasing activity or energy levels. This serious condition is first diagnosed in young adults or adolescence. Diagnosis Bipolar disease is first diagnosed in young adulthood or adolescence. Diagnosis is said to be obvious, when the patient is showing floridRead MoreEssay on Bipolar Disorder1556 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder The aspect of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. It was rumored that Vincent Van Gough suffered from bipolar disorder. There is a large group of people suffering from this disorder, however there are no causes or cures for it. Bipolar disorder impairs one’s ability to obtain and sustain social and occupational success. The journey for even a cause will continue for many years to come. Affective disorders are characterized by a depressedRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder also known as manic depression has always been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that it can appear in almost everyone. Bipolar disorder causes mood swings in energy, thinking, and other behavior. Having a bipolar disorder can be very disabling (Kapczinski). A study was evaluated and about 1.3% of the U.S population of people suffers from bipolar disorder. Stressors and environmental influences can trigger and cause a person to go through numerous episodes. Bipolar

EBI Special Order Analysis Free Essays

This case study focuses on a business opportunity that has recently been offered to the Earth Baby Inc. (EBB). It concerns a business proposal that will increase the company’s sales dimensions while also adding integral quality to its value chain through an alliance with a retail discount business, I. We will write a custom essay sample on EBI Special Order Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Great Deal Inc. (GUI). This analysis will take into consideration one or more strategic measures that should perhaps be taken by EBB in order to assist in identifying and mainlining risk and in order to insure that the proposed business agreement is in the best interest of the company. Aside from the more familiar decisional strategy which has always proven to be reliably effective, e. G. , a SOOT Analysis, an examination of the possible benefits arising from the use of an available heuristic approach that utilizes-foresight and hindsight Judgment parameters’-will be discussed. Keywords: EBB, GUI, SOOT, availability heuristic, hindsight bias, foresight knowledge The proposed opportunity that has presented itself to EBB entails increasing the company’s market share of baby food products through Geld’s distribution chain and there resources. The proposed venture will offer EBB an increased profit percentage only if the company agrees to alter its current food processing formulas as well as turn-over a substantial portion of its branding rights to GUI. It is in the best interest of EBB at this time to conduct a comprehensive risk analysis with regards to the changes that will be made concerning the impact upon Bi’s new product formula, new business environment and customer base along with branding techniques, marketing strategies and supply chain activities. Risk Analysis Conducting a thorough SOOT analysis would be advisable at first in order to assess Bi’s internal strengths and weaknesses and how they will measure up against the- opportunities which may inadvertently turn into threats-with respects to the changes that will occur within Bi’s newly adopted business environment. EBB will be challenged to weigh those resources that make up the force behind its competitive advantage(s) because it will be risking the success of its current business strategies against the sum of those changes that will impact it, should the company accept Geld’s proposal (Bateman Snell, 2009). Bi’s management might consider backing up the information it garnered from a SOOT analysis with another method that examines the potential of risk involved with regard to opting for a reconfigured or otherwise entirely new and untried business strategy. A method that undertakes the available heuristic approach has been shown to provide business decisions makers with unique way -if optimal results are obtained- of incorporating intuitive Judgment-, referred to as-‘hindsight bias’- and integrating the more positive properties of this mind set with more quantifiable intellectual data referred to as -foresight knowledge’- with respects to formulating new strategies under the constraints of various risks. This method gauges the two schools of thought by measuring and matching up- and then mapping and mathematically analyzing -the positive relationships between probable outcomes of certain risk factors, as in this case-they may pertain to and/or have- significant bearing on a number of business decisions, their outcomes, and their consequences based primarily upon their -perceived and qualitative’- susceptibility to risks. Conclusion Although at this Juncture, Bi’s decision to employ the use of the availability heuristic may seem precarious, however the opportunity to identify and neutralize the risks of he proposal while also discovering some new and innovative strategies does present itself. A safer strategic analysis could be provided through the use of one or more of the conventionally known analytical tools, e. G. SOOT or Porters Five Forces. In any event it would be within Bi’s very best interest to thoroughly investigate all the avenues of risks as well as opportunities before making a final decision to accept Geld’s business proposal. How to cite EBI Special Order Analysis, Papers

Operations Management Custom Made Kitchens

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Custom Made Kitchens. Answer: Introduction The case study under analysis is for the business operations of an organisation named, Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd. The business operations of the organisation aimed at the manufacturing of custom-made kitchens for the customers based on their needs. These kitchens were being manufactured by the organisation with the unique specifications as per the needs of the customers or clients. Gradually, the organisation started getting orders for various standardised kitchens from the builders in lots. These standardised kitchens werent unique in terms of their specification but allowed the builders to have them manufactured in small lots to be placed in their houses. The essay analyses the impacts of the manufacturing of the standardised kitchens on the actual business operation of the organisation of manufacturing the custom-made kitchens as per the needs of the clients. Even if the manufacturing and selling processes of the standardised builder kitchens made some profit, they gradually led to the increase in the costs of manufacturing and maintaining the inventory of the standardised kitchens. This in turn affected the performance of the organisation in manufacturing the custom-made kitchens and drove the profits down by increasing the costs associated with various business processes (Khanna, 2015). Analysis The current production systems and processes used by Hawkesbury Cabinets can be divided into the two categories of the products sold by the organisation i.e. the custom-made and standardised kitchens. The production systems used by the organization include saws, cutting tables, routers and shapers. All of these production systems are kept in close proximity to each other in the manufacturing facility. Some of the other production systems like lathes and other less used systems are kept in close proximity to each other in another part of the facility. The painting and furnishing activities on the products are carried in controlled environment towards one of the ends of the facility. This entire layout of the manufacturing facility makes it difficult for the organisation to expand its business operations. In such a situation, the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens cramps up the entire space, which in turn decreases the quality of the workplace for the custom-made kitch ens and increases the costs of maintaining the inventory of the standardised kitchens (Brown, 2013). The business processes of the organisation include the cutting, sawing, bending and routing of the materials to manufacturing either the custom-made or standardised kitchens along with the painting and furnishing of the products. These business processes being repeated for the two categories of the products in turn increase the resources and material requirements of the entire business model of the organisation. The increased magnitude of the business processes, in turn, increases the costs of the manufacturing process along with the decrease in the profits of the organisation (Slack, 2013). As mentioned in the case, the organisation started the manufacturing process of the builders standardised kitchens after manufacturing the custom-made kitchens for quite a while. In the past couple of years, the organisation has seen steady increase in the number of orders for the builders standardised kitchens. This in turn allows the organisation to start the manufacturing process of these standardised kitchens in order to match the demand of the corresponding products in the market of operation. But the business model of the organisation always focuses more on the manufacturing of the custom-made kitchens over the standardised ones. This in turn interrupts the manufacturing process of the standardised kitchens, if the orders for custom-made kitchens come in the middle (Walker, 2014). This in turn clutters up the manufacturing facility of the organisation by maintaining the unfinished standardised kitchens in the workplace of the organisation. This in turn increases the costs of ma nufacturing costs, which includes the costs of maintaining the unfinished products in the workplace and costs of compromising with the manufacturing process of the custom-made kitchens due to the unavailability of the space in the manufacturing facility to expand the business operations (Mahadevan, 2015). The increasing number of orders for the builders standardised kitchens also affects the promised delivery times for the custom-made kitchens to the clients. So the problem with the inclusion of the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens along with the custom-made kitchens is the increasing costs of the manufacturing process along with the decreasing profits of the business processes (Chase, 2012). The issues of including the manufacturing process of the builders standardised kitchens along with the manufacturing of the custom-made kitchens introduce a wide range of operational management issues in the workplace of Hawkesbury Cabinets. These operational management issues are related to the usage of the available resources and materials to the organisation along with effective design of the business model to manufacture the products from both the categories. The operational management issue of order acceptance is one of the most significant issues arising from the inclusion of the manufacturing of products from both the categories in the business model of the organisation (Handfield, 2012). The orders for the products of the organisation should only be received when the manufacturing process of the existing orders can be completed before starting the manufacturing process for the new orders. If the major focus or priority of the business model of the organisation is the manufact uring of the custom-made kitchens, then the orders for the builders standardised kitchens should be limited to a certain quantity (Gunasekaran, 2012). Another operational management issue is the management of the inventory for both the materials and the unfinished products of the manufacturing process of builders standardised kitchens. The unfinished products should be managed in the manufacturing facility in an efficient manner in order to ensure efficient manufacturing process for the custom-made kitchens. The manufacturing process of the custom-made kitchens should be efficiently planned with the scheduled manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens. So the evidences from the case study suggest that the inclusion of the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens clearly affects the major business process of manufacturing custom-made kitchens as per the needs of the clients (Krajewski, 2013). Conclusion The case of Hawkesbury Cabinets clearly shows some of the operational issues in the workplace and manufacturing facility of the organisation. The inclusion of the manufacturing of both the custom-made kitchens and the builders standardised kitchens in the business model of the organisation leads to a number of operations management issues. These operations management issues of the organisation can be defined in terms of the overlap in the manufacturing processes of the both the types of products and the undivided focus of the organisation to manufacturing process of the custom-made kitchens in the manufacturing facility of the organisation. The business focus on the custom-made kitchens hampers the swift flow of the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens. This in turn increases the magnitude of the inventory in the manufacturing facility for the unfinished products of builders standardised kitchens, which in turn increases the overall costs of manufacturing process and h ence decreases the profits realised from the sale of the products (Hill, 2012). References Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013. Strategic operations management. Routledge. Chase, J., 2012. Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E.W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 135(2), pp.687-701. Handfield, R.B. and Bozarth, C.B., 2012. Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain Management. Pearson Higher Ed. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012. Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Khanna, R.B., 2015. Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013. Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Mahadevan, B., 2015. Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R., 2013. Operations management. Walker, P.H., Seuring, P.S., Sarkis, P.J. and Klassen, P.R., 2014. Sustainable operations management: recent trends and future directions. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 34(5).