From a sociological perspective, explanations for Essay Example For Students

From a sociological point of view, clarifications for Essay criminal-ity are found in two levels which are the subculture and the basic clarifications. The sociological clarifications underscore parts of cultural courses of action that are outer to the on-screen character and convincing. A sociological clarification is worried about how the structure of a general public or its institutional practices or its continuing social subjects influence the lead of its individuals. Singular contrasts are denied or overlooked, and the clarification of the general aggregate behavoir is looked for in the designing of social courses of action that is viewed as both outside the on-screen character and preceding him (Sampson, 1985). That is, the social examples of intensity or of organizations which are held to be determinative of human activity are moreover seen as having been in presence before a specific entertainer went ahead the scene. In lay language, sociological clarifications of wrongdoing accuse something social that is preceding, outside to, furthermore, convincing of a specific individual. Sociological clarifications don't prevent the significance from securing human inspiration. In any case, they find the wellspring of thought processes outside the individual and in the social atmosphere in which he lives. Political scholars, sociologists, and athropologists have long seen that a state of public activity is that not everything is permitted. Norms of conduct are both an ace conduit of our living respectively and a necessity if public activity is to be systematic. The idea of a culture alludes to the apparent guidelines of conduct, perceptible in the two words and deeds, that are educated, transmitted from age to age and to some degree sturdy. To call such conduct social doesn't necessar-ily imply that it is refined, but instead implies that it is refined aquired, developed, and constant. Social researchers have created the idea of a subculture to portray varieties, inside a general public, upon its social topics. In such conditions, it is accepted that some social prescrip-tions are regular to all citizenry, yet that modifica-tions furthermore, varieties are noticeable inside the general public. Once more, it is a piece of the meaning of a subculture, as of a culture, that is moderately persevering. Its standards are named a style, as opposed to a design, on the grounds that the previous has some perseverance while the last is transient. The fight comes, obviously, when we attempt to appraise how genuine a social example is and how diligent. The gauges by which conduct is to be guided shift among men and after some time. Its is in this change what's more, assortment that wrongdoing is characterized. A use of this rule to crimin-ology would find that the underlying foundations of the wrongdoing in the way that gatherings have created various guidelines of fitting conduct and that, in complex societies, every individual is liable to contending solutions for activity. Another subcultural clarification of wrongdoing becomes promptly out of the way that, as we have seen, social classes experience various paces of capture and conviction for genuine offenses. When layers inside a general public are separated by classifications of salary, instruction, and word related eminence, contrasts are found among them in the sum and style of wrongdoing. Further, contrasts are generally found between these social classes in their preferences, interests, and ethics. Its is anything but difficult to portray these class-connected examples as societies. This variant of the subcultural clarification of wrongdoing holds that the very reality of learning the exercises of the subculture implies that one aquires interests and inclinations that place him in more prominent or lesser danger of overstepping the law. Others contend that being raised in the lower class implies taking in an alternate culture from that which makes the criminal laws. The lower-class subculture is said to have its own qualities, a significant number of which run counter to the lion's share advantages that help the laws against the genuine savage wrongdoings. One necessities to take note of that the pointers of class are not portrayals of class. Defenders of subcultural clarifications of wrongdoing don't characterize a class culture by any arrangement of the target pointers or rank, for example, yearly pay or long periods of tutoring. Ascent of the Superpowers (USA and USSR) EssayFrom this hypothetical position, the brutality of the urban hoodlum for instance speaks to simply thenatural result of a disappointment in kid childhood. Similarily, on a straightforward degree of clarification, manysociolo-substances and anthropologists accept that antagonistic conduct can be learned as effectively as passivebehavior. When taken in, the codes of brutality and fretful propensities of the psyche are their ownpositive qualities. Battling and detesting then become the two obligations and joys. For promoters of thissociopsychological perspective, it isn't important to respect the brute whose words anddeeds chuckle at goodness as having indistinguishable thought processes from progressively legal per-children. It needs noradical vision to concur that the educational systems of Western social orders by and by give pooraprenticeship in grown-up hood to numerous young people. A poor apprenticeship for being grown up iscriminogeni c. In this sense, the structure of present day nations empowers misconduct, for thatstructure needs institutional methodology for moving individuals easily structure ensured adolescence toautomonmous adulthood. During youthfulness, numerous adolescents in well-to-do social orders are neither wellguided by their folks nor cheerfully connected by their educators. They are grown-up in body, yet childrenin responsi-bility and in their commitment to other people. Presently positioned in the middle of irresponsibledependence and responsible independance, they are constrained to go to schools that do notthoroughly animate the interests of every one of them and that, in such a large number of cases, give theuninterested youngster the experience of disappointment and the reflection of denigration (Herrnstein). Teachers are considering cures. This connects with a dilemmaa situation of the democraticeducators. They need fairness and uniqueness, destinations that hitherto in history have eludedsocietal engineers. Then, the metro-politan schools of industrialized countries make aprobable, however quantifiable, commitment to misconduct. A few wrongdoings are levelheaded. In such cases, thecriminal path seems, by all accounts, to be the more effecient method of fulfilling ones needs. At the point when wrongdoing isregarded as objective, it tends to be given either a basic or a sociopsychological clarification. Theexplanation is auxiliary when it stresses the conditions that make wrongdoing sound. It becomes asociopsychological clarification when it accentuates the understandings of the conditions that makecrime reasonable, or when it focuses on the preparation that legitimizes il-lawful exercises. Nobody emphasisneed be more correctmore use-fulthan another. Lead, legal and criminal, consistently occurswithin some structure of potential outcomes and is, among typical individuals, supported by a translation ofthat structure. Both the understanding of and the adjustment to a structure of potential outcomes are largelylearned. It is just for accommodation that we will examine the possibility that wrongdoing might be objective as one ofthe auxiliary, as opposed to one of the sociopsychological, explantions. The most evident way inwhich a social structure produces wrongdoing is by giving opportunities to bring in cash illegally(Herrnstein). Regardless of whether a structure raises wants, it produces wrongdoing by bringing needs intothe perspective on circumstances. This sort of clarification doesn't state that individuals carry on criminallybecause they have been denied real chances, yet rather it says that individuals overstep the law,particulary those laws concerning the meaning of property, since this is a balanced activity. the possibility of judicious wrongdoing is as per the presence of mind presumption that the vast majority willtake cash on the off chance that they can do as such without punishment. Clearly there are contrasts in character thatraise or lower protection from allurement. These distinctions are the worry of thosesociopsychological explantions that accentuate the controlling elements of character. However,without taking care of these individual factors, it is striking that the normal human proclivity toimprove and keep up status will create offenses against property when these inclinations meet theappropriate situa-tion (Ferrington). These circumstances have been concentrated by crimin-ologists in fourmajor settings. There are, first, the numerous circumstances in common life where supplies, administrations andmoney are accessible for robbery. Robbery is far reaching in such circumstances. It ranges from bringing whatisnt made sure about in open settings to taking production line instru ments and store inventories to deceiving onexpense records to misappropriation. Second, there are conditions in which authentic workmakes it prudent to overstep the criminal law. Third, there are capable hoodlums, people whohave picked burglary as an occupation and who have make an achievement of it. These master criminals aresometimes partnered with musclemen or coordinators in a fourth setting of discerning violations, thecontext in which wrongdoing turns into a financial undertaking satisfying the requests of a market(Ferrington). Presently explicitly on these unique situations, wrongdoing has been viewed as a favored job. The origination of certain sorts of wrongdoing as discerning reactions to structures shows that in thestruggle to remain alive and in the craving to improve ones material condi-tion lie the seeds of manycrimes. some theft, yet more thievery; some squealing, however all the more boosting; some automobiletheft by adolescents, yet more car moves by grown-ups speak to a deliberately embraced wayof getting by. All sorted out wrongdoing speaks to such an inclination. The association of largescale robbery receives new innovations and new methods of drama tion to stay up with increments inthe abundance of Western countries and changes in safety efforts. Such systematic wrongdoing has beenchanging structure create violations to extend violations including enormous ger dangers,

The eNotes Blog Obama Bans Homework in PublicSchools

Obama Bans Homework in PublicSchools Washington D.C. In a decision that stunned teachers today, United States President Barack Obama discharged an announcement commanding the excusal of all after school assignments, fundamentally dispensing with schoolwork from the U.S. state funded instruction framework. President Obama expressed on Wednesday, â€Å"our understudies have enough weights in their lives, with many maintaining sources of income and keeping up a solid, intensely separated nearness via web-based networking media. This command will permit understudies the opportunity to seek after their own fantasies about accomplishing as much as one thousand devotees on Instagram or creating a viral tweet, an accomplishment that a conventional instruction would never give them.† Understudies have just accepted this declaration as a chance to re-present the hashtag #ThanksObama. Educators have additionally commended Obama for his consideration regarding their own advantages. Jeb Smith, a social investigations instructor in Pawnee, Indiana, brought in for input on a neighborhood radio program, expressing, â€Å"this is the best thing Obama has done to improve American lives. I currently have the opportunity to really peruse to my ferret Hamlet.† Be that as it may, not all residents have positive words for this striking political move. â€Å"This was a rash o’bummer move that tosses us decades behind regarding our pace of instruction. Understudies should remain in school until they’ve piled on in any event one million dollars paying off debtors to guarantee appropriate education,† expressed an offended, anonymous source in New Jersey. An understudy for , Inc, a widely acclaimed schoolwork help site, reacted to the order on Facebook, saying, â€Å"I genuinely don’t realize what to think. This implies my activity helping understudies everywhere throughout the world complete their schoolwork is obsolete.† There’s no real way to be sure what this law will mean over the long haul, then again, actually may need to close its ways to turn into a Cat Cafe/Hipster Speakeasy. Which, really, would be pretty rad. For more data, read the full report by the Student Allegiance of Homework Doersâ here.

Reading, Thinking and Igniting Innovation

Reading, Thinking and Igniting Innovation I can`t wait to start writing more about life at MIT, but since I`m not back there yet (Boston next Monday!), I have trouble writing about it! So I`ll share what`s on my mind. I guess this is a book report, kind of. I`m almost 300 pages through Matt Ridley`s The Rational Optimist and I love it. I picked it up soon after returning from my 4 month hike. I was in a strange mood. I`m a student at one of the most innovative and progressive universities in the world and I always have loved the pace of life, the thirst for knowledge and the search for new ideas. But after hiking for 4 months and having little contact with progress, change or technology, and being content (for the most part), I`m still struggling with the juxtaposition between complex and simple, fast and slow, progressive and contentedness. Sometimes the increasing complexity and pace of life seems depressing. What`s the point, I wonder. Especially if I can be happy with a move towards self-sufficiency in the woods, away from the noise, pollution and confusion that frequently accompanies `progress`.* So I saw this book that promised to inspire me, to reignite my passion for progress, and to wake my then-dormant optimism about our future. Ridley proposes that innovation and commerce thrust our standard of living up and up (and he gives lots of evidence- I`m not going to tackle this point hereâ€"read the book if you disagree). Innovation and commerce (of ideas) are some of MIT`s tenets, so I bought the book. And now I`m buying into it. Ridley starts a chapter titled `The invention of invention: increasing returns after 1800` with a quote from Thomas Jefferson, who wrote: He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine; as he who lights his taper at mine, receives light without darkening me. In this chapter, Ridley proclaims that while the world of `things’ is often subject to diminishing returns, the world of ideas is not. The more knowledge you generate, the more you can generate. While reading this, I reflected on MIT`s mission and on my journey through the Institute. I could reach for many generalities here, like we`re trying to make the world a better place yada yada but I`ll go with something specific the GIRs. General Institute Requirements. When entering into the world of GIRs my freshman fall, I saw them as obstacles. I had to get through them to reach the creamy filling the good stuff of my MIT education. Honestly, the largest obstacle so far has just been understanding the HASS (humanities, arts and social sciences) requirements, and how to fulfill them. Having passed by most of the GIRs now (and still with no idea if I`m conforming to the HASS requirements), I reflect on just how cream-filled these classes are. Until beyond multivariable calculus, you`re le arning the language of science and the principles of physics, biology and chemistry that underlie all upper level classes. Ridley`s notion that knowledge begets more knowledge rings true here. My education hasn`t provided answers to nearly any of my questions. But the GIRs provide the tools to understand the questions. Questions MIT students ask often don`t have answers yet. But we`re being equipped with the tools, both in `mind and hand` (MIT`s motto had to stick that in somewhere) to ask the right questions and to be creative and innovative in seeking our answers. Without the knowledge gained in 8.02 (Physics II Electricity and Magnetism), I would have had trouble analyzing my brother`s comment on how we should ionize water (give it a negative charge) and channel it through magnets to propel canoes and kayaks (think about it). Without 5.111 (Principles of Chemistry), I couldn`t have fielded questions after my Splash class (subject: Quantum Mechanics) about whether orbital frequency has an effect on intermolecular attraction. And without 7.012 (Biology I), I simply never would have met Dr. Eric Lander. He`s amazing.** So with this foundation of GIR knowledge, MIT students are ready to tackle the more rigorous and challenging upper level classes. But as I hopefully showed above, the GIRs prepared me for more then just more classes. They help me to take a more informed and creative approach to questions and problems this is innovation. Ridley argues that innovation follows a pattern akin to a bushfire innovation is largely unpredictable and occurs at random places and at bizarre times. In a historical context, Ridley is quite right 50,000 years ago, west Asians innovated ovens and bows and arrows, 5,000 years ago Mesopotamians were at the pinnacle of metallurgy and urban living, 500 years ago Italians invented book-keeping methods still in use today, 200 years ago Englishmen harnessed steam to replace animal and human labor and 50 years ago the concept of credit cards emerged in California. In the last 150 years, `innovation randomness` has both increased and decreased, depending on your perspective. Due to a blossoming population and an even faster growing literate (not just with regards to reading, but scientifically, socially, politically, economically literate) community, more people are innovating in more places than ever before. In reality, technological progress follows complex patterns, responding to differ ing demographic demands, fertile political and social undertones, a fair amount of pure luck and championed by hard working teams in the right place at the right time. But we have a node here, at MIT. A node where the bushfire ignites more often than almost anywhere else. I thought about posting links here to some amazing and awe-inspiring innovations and ideas spilling from our Institute. But just go to our homepage MIT.edu. You`ll find amazing things, updated every single day. There`s a fire raging in Cambridge (on one side of Cambridge, at least), and it`s been igniting minds and releasing shocking amounts innovation for over 150 years. Look, now I`ve gotten all riled up. This is why, I`ve reminded myself, I want fast paced. I want progress. I want to be in the thick of things. I needed the GIRs to build and grow. I can only be content in the woods for so long. I want to contribute. Not MIT, nor science, nor progress has an end goal in mind. But it`s the journey that counts (and it`s fun to understand, to blow things up, and to have others admire what you do). And that`s why Ridley`s book, The Rational Optimist has got me excited about classes (which start on September 7th!) and about rejoining the MIT community in its relentless pursuit of the future. I`ll be sure to make time to slow down, but being creative and solving cool worldly problems is just too good to hike around. *It`s worth taking a moment here to state that while I moved in the direction of self sufficiency during my hike, I didn`t even come close to reaching it. I stopped at supermarkets to resupply with various foods (most flown or driven hundreds, even thousands of miles to supply my needs), I relied on strangers to pick me up and give me rides, the vast majority of my (technologically advanced) equipment was made by global companies. If I was seriously injured or fell ill I likely could have made it to a hospital ER in a matter of hours and had amazing care. **Short anecdote One day, I attended a7.012 lecture where Dr. Lander was speaking on the subject of gene regulation (similar to this opencourseware lecture). Dr. Lander was talking about sequencing genomes. We all knew he was quite influential in the HGP (human genome project), but at one point he paused, looked up at us with a slight smile and said, And I suspect, gentlemen, that the horse genome will be sequenced quite soon. That`s because after this lecture, he would retreat to the Broad Institute (part of MIT) and work on sequencing the horse genome. Published a few weeks later. What a baller.

National Differences in Political Economy - 2934 Words

Chapter 02 National Differences in Political Economy True / False Questions 1. A countrys political economy and culture are independent of each other. True False 2. It is not possible to have democratic societies that emphasize a mix of collectivism and individualism. True False 3. The communists believed that socialism could be achieved by democratic means, and turned their backs on violent revolution and dictatorship. True False 4. In an individualist society, the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-interest. True False 5. The central message of collectivism is that individual economic and political freedoms are the ground†¦show more content†¦There is a strong relationship between economic freedom and economic growth. True False 32. The general assertion that nations that invest more in education will have higher growth rates has been proved false. True False 33. Since the 1980s, the political economy of many nations has seen a shift away from centrally planned and mixed economies toward more free market economic models. True False 34. One of the reasons for the spread of democracy is the emergence of increasingly prosperous middle and working classes who have pushed for democratic reforms. True False 35. According to political scientist Samuel Huntingtons thesis, global terrorism is a product of the tension between civilizations and the clash of value systems and ideology. True False 36. Transformation from centrally planned command economies to market-based economies can be attributed to the fact that command and mixed economies failed to deliver the sustained economic performance achieved by countries adopting market-based systems. True False 37. Economic freedom necessarily equates with political freedom. True False 38. Deregulation involves removing legal restrictions to the free play of markets, the establishment of private enterprises, and the manner in which private enterprises operate. True False 39. Today, global changes in the political economy are characterized by free markets and democracy,Show MoreRelatedNational Differences in Political Economy1295 Words   |  6 Pages2 National Differences in Political Economy Global Political Economy Global political economy (GPE) is an academic discipline within the social sciences that analyzes international relations in combination with political economy. Political economy is most commonly used to refer to interdisciplinary studies that draw on economics, law, and political science in order to explain how political institutions, the political environment, and the economics mix with each other. 1 Roles of HistoryRead MoreNational Differences Of Political Economy : Poland Vs Egypt1627 Words   |  7 PagesINTL500 Case Study Mynthek Yeo July, 19th 2015 National Differences in Political Economy: Poland Vs Egypt Introduction The study and the use of economic theory and how the methods influenced political ideology. Political economy is the interaction between economics, law and politics, and how institutions develop in different social and economic systems such as capitalism, socialism and communism. Political Economy Analysis of how public policy is created and implemented. Because different individualsRead MoreLiberalism and Mercantilism1287 Words   |  6 PagesLiberalism and Mercantilism International political economy is an important subdiscipline of international relation. It has three main ideologies, Liberalism, Mercantilism and Marxism. In this essay there will be three parts, first part is to demonstrate what the Liberalism and Mercantilism are on the perspective of international political economy and then the second part is to compare and contrast these two ideologies of political economy. At last, give a conclusion to the Liberalism and MercantilismRead MoreThe Nature of Political Economy†931 Words   |  4 PagesNature of Political Economy† This chapter introduces differences and similarities between politics and economics. Both of them affect one another. In another hand, politicians and economists have different ideas and consumptions about the same facts. Also, they choose different ways of analysis. Moreover, Mr. Gilpin talks about the importance of the understanding the nature of political economy. In today’s rapidly changing world, where globalization takes place and deeply influences national economicsRead MoreEconomic Difference as the Main Cause of the Civil War774 Words   |  4 Pagesargue that the political difference between the North and the South is a more influential cause of the Civil War while some insist that economic is the main cause. In fact, the political division between the North and the South was affected by the differences in the economic system of both. The North and the South had had different economic backgrounds that were established since the American colonial period. These econo mic differences from the colonial period brought about the political division thatRead MoreDrivers and Consequences of Globalization Essay examples1106 Words   |  5 Pagesdrivers impact organizations, describe the risks associated with global investing and explain the importance of cultural sensitivity and ethics in global finance. Global Finance Environment Globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of economies, markets, and people across nations. Increasing globalization creates additional competition from around the world, which then affects both local jobs and company profits. Globalization also has the potential to raise standard of livingRead MoreThe Decline of the Democrats1567 Words   |  6 PagesDemocrats--The Decline of the South The history of political parties in the United States has always hinged upon the key sectarian differences of the times in which such parties were existent. The very foundation of political parties in this country, which began with the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, is demonstrative of this fact as those two groups were largely split on the issue of national versus states rights and the implementation of a national bank. As the country matured from its initialRead More2002 APUSH DBQ1468 Words   |  6 PagesStates. However, political changes and economic differences between the states warped this nationalism into the sectionalism that divided the country into north, south and west regions. Celebrations of unity within the United States soon turned into disagreements concerning representation within the government and the differences within the national government caused by the emergence of different Republican factions. States distanced themselves from working collectively i n a united economy. They were largelyRead MoreAchieving the Goals of the French955 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution is known to be the bloodiest and most violent revolution humankind has experienced. The French Revolution was started with the following three goals in mind: a change in government, a change in economy, and the delivery of equality for all. An extensive effort was used to correct these problems; however, it came at the cost of people’s freedom. Authoritarian revolutionaries intended to solve France’s struggles and drove the revolution in hope to improve the lives of the peopleRead MoreNorth And South Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesissues prominent in their campaigns to gather votes in these two regions were government, economy, and slavery. Using these topics as foundations, the members of both parties of the Second American Party System aimed establish harmony between the north and south. Slavery played a major role in American society during the early 1820s. The argument over Missouri was a huge issue in the widening differences between north and south. Missouri applied for admission to the Union as a slave state, but

Essay on Lithium and Bipolar Disorder - 1903 Words

Lithium and Bipolar Disorder INTRODUCTION The drug lithium has been used for a variety of disorders such as gout, diabetes, and epilepsy for over 100 years. It was not until 1949 when John Cade discovered that lithium had a calming effect on guinea pigs that the possibilities of it being used for mania were explored (Paykel, 1992). Since then, lithium has been established as one of the primary treatments for manic depression disorder. In the body of this paper we will explore the chemistry of lithium, the synaptic transmitters involved, the parts of the neuron affected, the inhibitory and excitatory potential changes, the ion channels effected, the physiological changes, the primary behavior changes, the†¦show more content†¦When lithium is combined with other atoms, several useful molecules can be created. For the purposes of this paper we will consider the lithium salts, such as lithium carbonate, lithium citrate, and lithium sulfate. These molecules, among others, are used in psychiatry for the treatment of bipolar I disorder. Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) has an atomic weight of 73.89, and is the most popular of the lithium salts in use today (Johnson, 1980). It is not clear why this is, as there does not appear to be a significant difference between lithium carbonate and the other lithium salts. For a complete listing of lithium salts currently in use, see table 1. Lithium salts are preferred for medical use because they are soluble in water, whereas natural lithium is found in silicate form and is therefore not water soluble. Lithium salts have a half life of approximately 1830 hours in the body, depending on the weight of the subject (Williams, 1973). ROUTE OF ACCESS Lithium is usually taken orally in pill form, or injected directly into the bloodstream. In pill form, there are normal and time release doses available. Because the margin between a therapeutic dose and a toxic dose (therapeutic index) is so small, the time release form is more popular. In this way, theShow MoreRelatedLithium And Its Effects On Bipolar Disorder1394 Words   |  6 Pages1. Provide a rationale for the use of Lithium Carbonate that Ellen is currently prescribed. Lithium Carbonate is the most commonly drug that is prescribed for treating bipolar disorder (May, Hickey, Triantis, Palazidou, Kyriacou, 2015). It works as a mood stabilizer that significantly reduces excessive behaviors and suicidal tendencies. However, the way that lithium exerts its impact on mood is still unknown. One study suggests that key of lithium therapeutic actions are the neuroprotective effectsRead MoreLithium And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1820 Words   |  8 PagesLithium in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a serious illness that can upset a person’s entire life if they do not receive proper medical or therapeutic treatment to manage the presenting symptoms. Bipolar disorder includes an array of moods that can range from extreme highs (mania, hypomania) and extreme lows (bipolar depression) that can be treated by medication. One medication that works well in treating the highs and lows, while preventing further mood upsets is lithiumRead MoreLithium in the Treatment of Bipolar I Disorder1815 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Introduction Lithium is the medication most extensively used to treat the mania and depression of Bipolar I. However, due to the high incidence of inadequate preventive response, as well as a host of undesirable side effects and a narrow therapeutic index, health care providers have sought other mood stabilizing medications for either monotherapy or use with Lithium. One such medication is Carbamazepine, used either in monotherapy or in combination with other medications. While pharmacotherapyRead MoreLithium And Treatment Of Bipolar Affective Disorder1170 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Lithium is a mood-stabilizing drug that has been used effectively in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder for many years, and increasing evidence suggests its effectiveness in reducing the risk of suicide ( Sugawara, N.,Yasul-Furukori, N., Ishil, N., Iwata, N., Terao, T.2013). There are different ways lithium can be useful to everybody in a different ways. Lithium carbonate is a type of medication used to treat manic depression and bipolar. Another uses of lithium that is veryRead MoreEssay on The Efficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder2065 Words   |  9 PagesEfficacy of Lithium in Treating Bipolar Disorder Lithium is a psychotropic drug that became available in 1970 as a mood stabilizing medication for the long-term treatment of bipolar disorder. It has been shown to reduce the frequency and severity of manic states, as well as the depression that is concomitant with bipolar disorder. Much research has been done in the short duration of lithiums employment to evaluate its efficacy and side effects. As stated above, Lithium stabilizesRead MoreLithium Carbonate And The Treatment Of Manic Episodes Associated With Bipolar Disorder1260 Words   |  6 Pages1. Lithobid also known as lithium carbonate is used for the treatment of manic episodes associated with Bipolar Disorder. Each extended release tablet contains 300mg of lithium carbonate. Due to its formulation, the lithium carbonate is slowly released into the bloodstream over a period of time with the ultimate goal of reaching serum concentrations between 1.0 and 1.5 mEq/L. It is important to understand the drug formulation because if toxicity occurs, activated charcoal will not bind to an ionicRead MoreBipolar Dissorder: A Brief Summary Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesThe event of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. Records have shown that this problem can appear in almost anyone. It is clear that in our social world many people live with bipolar disorder. Regardless of the number of people suffering fr om the disease, we are still waiting for an explanation regarding the causes and cure. One fact of which we are aware, is that bipolar disorder severely undermines its’ victims ability to obtain and maintain social and occupational successRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Serious Mental Condition1174 Words   |  5 Pages Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder (BPD) is known to be a serious mental condition. Bipolar disorder is also classified as manic-depressive disorder. It is characterized as malfunction with the brain by mood changes that includes a persistent increasing activity or energy levels. This serious condition is first diagnosed in young adults or adolescence. Diagnosis Bipolar disease is first diagnosed in young adulthood or adolescence. Diagnosis is said to be obvious, when the patient is showing floridRead MoreEssay on Bipolar Disorder1556 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder The aspect of bipolar disorder has been a mystery since the 16th century. It was rumored that Vincent Van Gough suffered from bipolar disorder. There is a large group of people suffering from this disorder, however there are no causes or cures for it. Bipolar disorder impairs one’s ability to obtain and sustain social and occupational success. The journey for even a cause will continue for many years to come. Affective disorders are characterized by a depressedRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder also known as manic depression has always been a mystery since the 16th century. History has shown that it can appear in almost everyone. Bipolar disorder causes mood swings in energy, thinking, and other behavior. Having a bipolar disorder can be very disabling (Kapczinski). A study was evaluated and about 1.3% of the U.S population of people suffers from bipolar disorder. Stressors and environmental influences can trigger and cause a person to go through numerous episodes. Bipolar

EBI Special Order Analysis Free Essays

This case study focuses on a business opportunity that has recently been offered to the Earth Baby Inc. (EBB). It concerns a business proposal that will increase the company’s sales dimensions while also adding integral quality to its value chain through an alliance with a retail discount business, I. We will write a custom essay sample on EBI Special Order Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Great Deal Inc. (GUI). This analysis will take into consideration one or more strategic measures that should perhaps be taken by EBB in order to assist in identifying and mainlining risk and in order to insure that the proposed business agreement is in the best interest of the company. Aside from the more familiar decisional strategy which has always proven to be reliably effective, e. G. , a SOOT Analysis, an examination of the possible benefits arising from the use of an available heuristic approach that utilizes-foresight and hindsight Judgment parameters’-will be discussed. Keywords: EBB, GUI, SOOT, availability heuristic, hindsight bias, foresight knowledge The proposed opportunity that has presented itself to EBB entails increasing the company’s market share of baby food products through Geld’s distribution chain and there resources. The proposed venture will offer EBB an increased profit percentage only if the company agrees to alter its current food processing formulas as well as turn-over a substantial portion of its branding rights to GUI. It is in the best interest of EBB at this time to conduct a comprehensive risk analysis with regards to the changes that will be made concerning the impact upon Bi’s new product formula, new business environment and customer base along with branding techniques, marketing strategies and supply chain activities. Risk Analysis Conducting a thorough SOOT analysis would be advisable at first in order to assess Bi’s internal strengths and weaknesses and how they will measure up against the- opportunities which may inadvertently turn into threats-with respects to the changes that will occur within Bi’s newly adopted business environment. EBB will be challenged to weigh those resources that make up the force behind its competitive advantage(s) because it will be risking the success of its current business strategies against the sum of those changes that will impact it, should the company accept Geld’s proposal (Bateman Snell, 2009). Bi’s management might consider backing up the information it garnered from a SOOT analysis with another method that examines the potential of risk involved with regard to opting for a reconfigured or otherwise entirely new and untried business strategy. A method that undertakes the available heuristic approach has been shown to provide business decisions makers with unique way -if optimal results are obtained- of incorporating intuitive Judgment-, referred to as-‘hindsight bias’- and integrating the more positive properties of this mind set with more quantifiable intellectual data referred to as -foresight knowledge’- with respects to formulating new strategies under the constraints of various risks. This method gauges the two schools of thought by measuring and matching up- and then mapping and mathematically analyzing -the positive relationships between probable outcomes of certain risk factors, as in this case-they may pertain to and/or have- significant bearing on a number of business decisions, their outcomes, and their consequences based primarily upon their -perceived and qualitative’- susceptibility to risks. Conclusion Although at this Juncture, Bi’s decision to employ the use of the availability heuristic may seem precarious, however the opportunity to identify and neutralize the risks of he proposal while also discovering some new and innovative strategies does present itself. A safer strategic analysis could be provided through the use of one or more of the conventionally known analytical tools, e. G. SOOT or Porters Five Forces. In any event it would be within Bi’s very best interest to thoroughly investigate all the avenues of risks as well as opportunities before making a final decision to accept Geld’s business proposal. How to cite EBI Special Order Analysis, Papers

Operations Management Custom Made Kitchens

Question: Discuss about the Operations Management for Custom Made Kitchens. Answer: Introduction The case study under analysis is for the business operations of an organisation named, Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd. The business operations of the organisation aimed at the manufacturing of custom-made kitchens for the customers based on their needs. These kitchens were being manufactured by the organisation with the unique specifications as per the needs of the customers or clients. Gradually, the organisation started getting orders for various standardised kitchens from the builders in lots. These standardised kitchens werent unique in terms of their specification but allowed the builders to have them manufactured in small lots to be placed in their houses. The essay analyses the impacts of the manufacturing of the standardised kitchens on the actual business operation of the organisation of manufacturing the custom-made kitchens as per the needs of the clients. Even if the manufacturing and selling processes of the standardised builder kitchens made some profit, they gradually led to the increase in the costs of manufacturing and maintaining the inventory of the standardised kitchens. This in turn affected the performance of the organisation in manufacturing the custom-made kitchens and drove the profits down by increasing the costs associated with various business processes (Khanna, 2015). Analysis The current production systems and processes used by Hawkesbury Cabinets can be divided into the two categories of the products sold by the organisation i.e. the custom-made and standardised kitchens. The production systems used by the organization include saws, cutting tables, routers and shapers. All of these production systems are kept in close proximity to each other in the manufacturing facility. Some of the other production systems like lathes and other less used systems are kept in close proximity to each other in another part of the facility. The painting and furnishing activities on the products are carried in controlled environment towards one of the ends of the facility. This entire layout of the manufacturing facility makes it difficult for the organisation to expand its business operations. In such a situation, the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens cramps up the entire space, which in turn decreases the quality of the workplace for the custom-made kitch ens and increases the costs of maintaining the inventory of the standardised kitchens (Brown, 2013). The business processes of the organisation include the cutting, sawing, bending and routing of the materials to manufacturing either the custom-made or standardised kitchens along with the painting and furnishing of the products. These business processes being repeated for the two categories of the products in turn increase the resources and material requirements of the entire business model of the organisation. The increased magnitude of the business processes, in turn, increases the costs of the manufacturing process along with the decrease in the profits of the organisation (Slack, 2013). As mentioned in the case, the organisation started the manufacturing process of the builders standardised kitchens after manufacturing the custom-made kitchens for quite a while. In the past couple of years, the organisation has seen steady increase in the number of orders for the builders standardised kitchens. This in turn allows the organisation to start the manufacturing process of these standardised kitchens in order to match the demand of the corresponding products in the market of operation. But the business model of the organisation always focuses more on the manufacturing of the custom-made kitchens over the standardised ones. This in turn interrupts the manufacturing process of the standardised kitchens, if the orders for custom-made kitchens come in the middle (Walker, 2014). This in turn clutters up the manufacturing facility of the organisation by maintaining the unfinished standardised kitchens in the workplace of the organisation. This in turn increases the costs of ma nufacturing costs, which includes the costs of maintaining the unfinished products in the workplace and costs of compromising with the manufacturing process of the custom-made kitchens due to the unavailability of the space in the manufacturing facility to expand the business operations (Mahadevan, 2015). The increasing number of orders for the builders standardised kitchens also affects the promised delivery times for the custom-made kitchens to the clients. So the problem with the inclusion of the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens along with the custom-made kitchens is the increasing costs of the manufacturing process along with the decreasing profits of the business processes (Chase, 2012). The issues of including the manufacturing process of the builders standardised kitchens along with the manufacturing of the custom-made kitchens introduce a wide range of operational management issues in the workplace of Hawkesbury Cabinets. These operational management issues are related to the usage of the available resources and materials to the organisation along with effective design of the business model to manufacture the products from both the categories. The operational management issue of order acceptance is one of the most significant issues arising from the inclusion of the manufacturing of products from both the categories in the business model of the organisation (Handfield, 2012). The orders for the products of the organisation should only be received when the manufacturing process of the existing orders can be completed before starting the manufacturing process for the new orders. If the major focus or priority of the business model of the organisation is the manufact uring of the custom-made kitchens, then the orders for the builders standardised kitchens should be limited to a certain quantity (Gunasekaran, 2012). Another operational management issue is the management of the inventory for both the materials and the unfinished products of the manufacturing process of builders standardised kitchens. The unfinished products should be managed in the manufacturing facility in an efficient manner in order to ensure efficient manufacturing process for the custom-made kitchens. The manufacturing process of the custom-made kitchens should be efficiently planned with the scheduled manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens. So the evidences from the case study suggest that the inclusion of the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens clearly affects the major business process of manufacturing custom-made kitchens as per the needs of the clients (Krajewski, 2013). Conclusion The case of Hawkesbury Cabinets clearly shows some of the operational issues in the workplace and manufacturing facility of the organisation. The inclusion of the manufacturing of both the custom-made kitchens and the builders standardised kitchens in the business model of the organisation leads to a number of operations management issues. These operations management issues of the organisation can be defined in terms of the overlap in the manufacturing processes of the both the types of products and the undivided focus of the organisation to manufacturing process of the custom-made kitchens in the manufacturing facility of the organisation. The business focus on the custom-made kitchens hampers the swift flow of the manufacturing of the builders standardised kitchens. This in turn increases the magnitude of the inventory in the manufacturing facility for the unfinished products of builders standardised kitchens, which in turn increases the overall costs of manufacturing process and h ence decreases the profits realised from the sale of the products (Hill, 2012). References Brown, S., Bessant, J.R. and Lamming, R., 2013. Strategic operations management. Routledge. Chase, J., 2012. Operations management. Tata McGraw-Hill. Gunasekaran, A. and Ngai, E.W., 2012. The future of operations management: an outlook and analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 135(2), pp.687-701. Handfield, R.B. and Bozarth, C.B., 2012. Introduction to Operations and Supply Chain Management. Pearson Higher Ed. Hill, A. and Hill, T., 2012. Operations management. Palgrave Macmillan. Khanna, R.B., 2015. Production and operations management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013. Operations management: processes and supply chains. New York: Pearson. Mahadevan, B., 2015. Operations management: Theory and practice. Pearson Education India. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R., 2013. Operations management. Walker, P.H., Seuring, P.S., Sarkis, P.J. and Klassen, P.R., 2014. Sustainable operations management: recent trends and future directions. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 34(5).

Tall or Short Powerful or Weak free essay sample

For most people, meeting my eyes requires tilting their neck several degrees beyond the norm; watching them awkwardly pan upward is a part of my everyday life. My height is something that is impossible not to notice. When I am walking on the street or hanging out with friends at a party, people might stare. People might wonder what it feels like, as if the weather were different up here. For some teenagers, being tall feels like being a random tree towering above the short grass; their height becomes a form of insecurity, even as it offers one-of-a-kind access to the best views at a crowded concert. Height can also be perceived as intimidating or frightening, and influence the way that others form opinions of me. A recent incident, though, has cemented my understanding that there is nothing I can do to control my height, so I might as well embrace it. We will write a custom essay sample on Tall or Short? Powerful or Weak? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was a Saturday night, 10:16 pm to be exact. Suddenly, my annoying ringtone goes off; it was my mom. Already at that moment, I was confused as to why she was calling me; she was supposed to be attending an event, and at that time she would usually send a text message if she had something to say. As I answered my phone, I could barely hear my mother’s voice above the chatter and laughter of my close friends; I asked them to quiet down. Hearing the ripple of worry in my mother’s voice, who is usually as calm and serene as a mountain lake, I already suspected that something unforeseen was about to come my way. Fleeing the chaos of my friend’s bedroom, I headed down the staircase to speak to my mom, so distracted that my slippery socks almost dragged me down the bumpy incline. I settled in my friend’s kitchen, and took a seat at the table, telling my mom to go ahead. â€Å"So you know Jennie’s mother, Lucia, right?† â€Å"What about her?,â₠¬  I said, standing up and pacing around the kitchen island in nervous loops like an agitated tiger in a circular cage. â€Å"Lucia came up to me and told me how beautiful and tall you were.† I paused, confused, and suddenly my mounting adrenaline dropped; I had not been expecting a compliment from this acquaintance’s mother to be the reason behind my mother’s odd tone. Unfortunately, it did not end there. â€Å"And?† â€Å"And then she told me that you, Emma, needed to ‘cool down.’† My jaw dropped. I was out of breath, as if I had just ran 20 miles. My palms began to sweat and I felt like my face was going to explode. At first I had no idea where this was coming from, or where it might be headed. She continued to interrogate my mother about my height, of all things! I felt as if this lady had just invaded my sense of self worth, attacking my personal space. â€Å"She said that you were taking your power and putting it on other girls , demanding that they follow you.† At this point, the reason behind my mother’s uncomfortable tone became lucid, and my own outrage began to bubble up again. It was evident that this woman had made this assumption because of my height, influenced only by appearances, and not by experience or valued evidence. Her rambling implied that because I am a tall and a social girl, I have power and am negatively forcing it on others. Of course my height is something that ensures my confidence, but in no way does it give me ‘power’. I left my friend’s house that night, still pondering the distressing idea that someone could have formed such a mistaken image of me. After taking some time to reflect the following week, I have come to acknowledge that my height and the way other people feel about it, are simply beyond my control. It is sad that people make prejudiced assumptions about one another without interacting with them. This experience confirmed for me that prejudiced behavior exists, but in reflecting on the things Lucia said, I began to see how distant they are from myself, and from reality. This distance, however, makes me feel empowered. It helps me to realize what is controllable in my identity and what is not, and to see how much more important the parts are that I can control. Therefore, I refuse to let her comments interfere with my self-assurance. I now know that I need to focus on the controllable aspects of myself, such as my behavior and confidence. Those are things that are more important than the uncontrollable traits with which I was born. Because of this incident, I have begun to look beyond the surface of a persons uncont rollable traits, and more into the things that are controllable in a person. And if you were wondering, the weather is indeed nicer up here.

Free Essays on Personality Paper

As you sit down to watch your favorite television show at night do you notice that each actor or actress has a different personality? I watch many different shows and it seems to me that each person has their own personality. Personality is a unique set of stable, ordering characteristics and patterns of behavior that influence the way a person adjusts to the environment (Moist, 2003). I feel that each person in the world each has his or her own unique personality with different characteristics. Some of the characteristics that vary from person to person are things such as motives, thoughts and emotions (Moist, 2003). Another thing that varies from person to person is his or her behavioral patterns. Some traits of different behavioral patterns are readiness to think, perceive, or act in a particular way across a variety of different situations (Moist, 2003). These are the aspects that make up the personalities of each person throughout the world. Throughout this paper I am going to be discussing three theoretical perspectives on personality, which are Freud’s Structural theory, Kagan’s biological theory, and Humanistic theories. Freud’s structural theory consists of the id, ego, and the superego. The id seeks pleasure immediate impulse gratification and tension reduction and provides energy for uncontrollable biological drives; this is an unconscious process. The id also deals with the libido, which is the motive for survival and destruction (Freud, Early 1900’s). The ego seeks reality and its role is to express and gratify desires of id in accordance with the reality requirements, this can be either a conscious or unconscious process. The ego includes rational planning and reasoning to delay gratification and is socially acceptable (Freud, Early 1900’s). The superego seeks morality as instilled in us by parents; role is to internalize society’s idea of right and wrong expressio n of id. This also includes rati... Free Essays on Personality Paper Free Essays on Personality Paper As you sit down to watch your favorite television show at night do you notice that each actor or actress has a different personality? I watch many different shows and it seems to me that each person has their own personality. Personality is a unique set of stable, ordering characteristics and patterns of behavior that influence the way a person adjusts to the environment (Moist, 2003). I feel that each person in the world each has his or her own unique personality with different characteristics. Some of the characteristics that vary from person to person are things such as motives, thoughts and emotions (Moist, 2003). Another thing that varies from person to person is his or her behavioral patterns. Some traits of different behavioral patterns are readiness to think, perceive, or act in a particular way across a variety of different situations (Moist, 2003). These are the aspects that make up the personalities of each person throughout the world. Throughout this paper I am going to be discussing three theoretical perspectives on personality, which are Freud’s Structural theory, Kagan’s biological theory, and Humanistic theories. Freud’s structural theory consists of the id, ego, and the superego. The id seeks pleasure immediate impulse gratification and tension reduction and provides energy for uncontrollable biological drives; this is an unconscious process. The id also deals with the libido, which is the motive for survival and destruction (Freud, Early 1900’s). The ego seeks reality and its role is to express and gratify desires of id in accordance with the reality requirements, this can be either a conscious or unconscious process. The ego includes rational planning and reasoning to delay gratification and is socially acceptable (Freud, Early 1900’s). The superego seeks morality as instilled in us by parents; role is to internalize society’s idea of right and wrong expressio n of id. This also includes rati...

Social Security Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Security Act - Research Paper Example This program especially benefits those workers that have paid into the system during their entire working life. The Social Security Act helps to provide financial assistance for retirees, the unemployed, and people who have disabilities that prevent them from working and making their own living. Other categories of people that can benefit from Social Security include families with dependent children, maternal and child welfare, and the blind. The money for the Social Security fund comes directly from a percentage of a worker’s paycheck. Unfortunately, while those that currently receive Social Security appreciate the system, there are workers that are on edge about what will happen to them when they retire. There may be money in the system now - their money - but they fear that by time they retire there will be no money left for them. They are involuntarily contributing to a system they might not be able to benefit from when they retire. Another controversy in regard to the Social Security system was that there would be a loss of jobs, but this was given a convincing counterargument: older workers would be inspired to retire knowing that the Social Security system would take care of them financially, therefore making room for younger people to obtain jobs. Before the Social Security Act became what it is now, it was a system that lacked the proper security that people needed after retirement. The first version of the Act did not include women and minorities for unemployment insurance and old age pensions. The only jobs that were eligible for Social Security benefits were considered â€Å"white male† occupations. Teachers, nurses, hospital employees, government employees, and agricultural labor were among those occupations that were not qualified for Social Security (Dobelstein). At the time, women were only able to get their insurance through their husbands or children. However,

Diagnosis and data gathering based on a case study Peppercorn Dining

Diagnosis and data gathering based on a Peppercorn Dining - Case Study Example The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. This was appropriate variable in collecting and summarizing data that was used in analyzing about to analyze the organizational development and change of Peppercorn Dining and some mitigation measures necessary. As a result, the qualitative and quantitative research methods ensured reliability and credibility of the results. The design is also suitable because it gives an in-depth description of the phenomena in their existing setting. This fits well with the hotel staff who participated in the study while in their respective duties. Descriptive survey was also preferred because it is economical in collecting data from over a large sample with high data turn over. Data collection process Mark Tap consultants were assigned the duty of collecting the data in order to improve on how Peppercorn Dinning operates concerning their development and change. In their quest to obtain the needed data, the consultants will issue question naires to staff members and managers. Sample Selection The selection will be based on randomization principle, which is a procedure of giving every subject in a population an equal chance of appearing in the selection. Stratified random sampling will be used to select the sample population. After which, simple random sampling will be used to get the required the desired sample. Data analysis Data Analysis procedure The data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Open coding was used to initially name and categorize the data, and selective coding was used to develop a more general framework. The study used frequency count, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values of variables. The hypotheses formulated for the study tested using logistic regression. Quantitative data analysis was done to generate frequencies percentages and means. The resulting quantitative data will then be interpreted using simple statistical method. The questionnaires were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. The data collected through questionnaire was classified on the basis of common attributes then tallied to obtain statistical frequencies, tabulated and finally analyzed using descriptive statistics. This helped to collapse large volume of quantitative data in numerical form for ease of statistical interpretation. Besides this, the ANOVA test was applied to find the significance difference among the opinions of different categories of the respondents. The qualitative data obtained through open-ended questions and interview protocols was analyzed by placing the responses into identical categories as described in NVivo software used for analyzing qualitative research data. Besides frequencies, the opinions of the respondents will be calculated into percentage. Interviews and observation Peppercorn Dinning has not embraced professionalism, in that anyone is assign to do a given chore on the basis of who come s first. It is disappointing to note that those who merit to be in finance, marketing and technological sections are thrown away to manual work such as cooking and cleaning. This was triggered by the fact that the students were allowed to seek for employment in Peppercorn Dinning with their academic qualifications notwithstanding. The academic qualification of the organization had not attained the proper skills the hire

Separating Mixtures Back Into Their Components | Experiment

Separating Mixtures Back Into Their Components | Experiment Abstract To separate these mixtures it was appropriate to understand the physical and chemical structures of all the substances situated within the mixture. After separating these mixtures based on their physical and chemical properties; it was then appropriate to compare their experimental masses compared to their actual masses. Once separating these mixtures and comparing their masses it was important to record any discrepancies which may have been observed throughout the experiment. Background Information The mixture was composed of the following substances; 5.5g sand 2.4g iron fillings 25ml methylated spirits 13g of NaCl 0.6 g of sodium sulfhate 13ml of hexane The aim of this experiment was to separate a mixture back into its original components based on the mixtures physical and chemical components. A mixture is when two or more substances are combined by forceful means, such as pouring substances into a container. The molecules of the combined substances then mix with the others to create the forms of solutions, suspensions and colloids. These mixtures can be classified as homogenous or heterogeneous solutions. A heterogeneous mixture contains unevenly distributed liquids, gases and particles. The sand, iron, and hexane are all immiscible substances when mixed in the mixture, therefore many unevenly distributed particles and liquids are present in the mixture, thus categorizing the mixture as a heterogeneous. Mixtures usually do not consist of chemical bonding between the substances, thus allowing the mixture to be separated using simple methods of filtration. As the mixture contains sand, iron, hexane and methylated spirits basic filtration can be applied based on each substances chemical and physical properties. However as NaCl and Na2S04 do undergo chemical reactions with the water present in the mixture; this creates a barrier for any type of filtration. It is therefore appropriate to analyze the chemical and physical properties of each NaCl and Na2SO4, and find an appropriate method to extract both miscible substances from the mixture. Therefore it is applicable to note that substances are separated based on their chemical and physical properties. Therefore analyzing the physical and chemical properties of each component situated in the mixture, appropriate separation techniques can be identified. The most obvious separable substance situated in the mixture is Hexane. Hexane is oil, used for many necessities of life, such as cooking. As seen in figure 1, hexane has the chemical formula C6 H14 and it only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms, thus putting the solvent into the category of an alkane (hydrocarbon). Hexanes chemical structure is dependent on its alkane properties; its hydrogens are exclusively linked by single bonds to carbon, this is also known as a covalent molecule. As the electrons are being shared this creates similar charges for the hydrogens and carbon atoms. As both atoms electrons have similar negative charges they repel each-other and create a non-polar substance. As non-polar substances are immiscible in water, hexane will not mix in water as its a non-polar molecule. Instead of mixing in water, hexane with a light density of 0.654g/ml will sit on top of the water as water has a heavier density of approximately .995g/ml. In contrast to hexane, water is a polar molecule. The two oxygens bound to the one hydrogen create a V shape with the hydrogen atoms. As seen in figure 2 it is noticeable that when hydrogen atoms bond with oxygen, the hydrogen releases one of their electrons to form a covalent bond. Due to hydrogens electrons being attracted to the positive electron oxygen, the two hydrogens become slightly positively charged, and the oxygen then becomes negatively charged. (www.ozh2o.com, 2003). The dissociation of the positive and negative charges produces a polar molecule. Due to the above mentioned physical and chemical properties of hexane and water, the most efficient way of separating hexane from the mixture, will be the use of decanting. And also using a separation funnel. Decanting is the process of carefully pouring a lower density liquid off the top of another, such as hexane and water. It is poured into another beaker and then separated again using the separation funnel. A separation funnel is used to slowly and carefully drop by drop separate the heavier in density substance (water). Another substance that is present in the mixture that is also miscible in water is sand. Sand also known as silicon dioxide has a chemical formulae of Si02 and has a tetrahedral chemical structure, as seen in figure 3. Figure 3 clearly shows the four oxygens surrounding the central atom Si which creates a triangular shaped structure; hence the reason silicon dioxide can be classified as a tetrahedral crystal. Out of all the silica crystallines, on average only two out of the four oxygens of the Si04 are shared with others, giving the formula Si02 (book reference). Due to sand sharing pairs of electrons between its atom it consists of having an extensive covalent chemical bond. Its extensive covalent chemical bonding creates a strong bonding with the elements oxygen and Si, thus meaning the chemical formula Si02 is a strong element. As sand has a hard quartz figure it is insoluble with water, therefore separating sand from the mixture filtration can be used as it separates the liquids from the hard solutions. Another solution that has a hard like figure and is insoluble to water that is in the mixture  is iron fillings. Iron fillings are composed of iron or Fe. Iron fillings are a type of ferromagnetic material which can be easily attracted to a magnet. The electrons orbiting the iron atom resemble a current, thus this results in a small magnetism to each individual electron; this can be amplified by the spinning of the electrons. This then means the tiny pieces of iron can transform to a tiny bar magnetic when a magnetic field is in area of them, thus irons opposite ends attract to the opposite ends of a magnet. For example the north end of iron would be attracted to the south end of the magnet. As iron is also a substance that is insoluble in water the method filtration will be most effective to separate the iron from the mixture. As iron is already classified as a ferromagnetic metal, this means its domain already consist of a high degree of magnetization. However as seen in figure 4, when coming into contact with a magnetic field, the domain become randomly orientated. Also when iron comes into contact with a more modest magnetic field the domain can become aligned in the direction of the force. As both sand and iron fillings are insoluble in water, they will sink to the bottom of the mixture not having a chemical reaction with any other substances. This sediment at the bottom of the mixture can be separated first using filtration as the sand and iron will be trapped in the funnel paper. However to separate the sand from the iron, using a magnet will be appropriate as irons domain will be attracted to the opposite end of the magnet, as seen earlier in figure 4. As seen in figure 5 filtration is the use of a funnel, funnel paper and a beaker. The beaker is used to catch the mixtures liquids and the funnel paper used to stop and absorb any fine sediment, in the case of the experiment iron and sand. Once the mixture is poured  through the funnel paper the sand and iron will be left on the funnel paper and the mixture will be separated from the iron and sand in the beaker. It will then be appropriate to use a magnet to separate the iron from the sand. However as the sand iron will be wet, leaving the mixed solution of sand and iron to dry will be appropriate. Magnetic separation consists of using a magnetic to attract the ferromagnetic metal iron. As seen in figure 6, once attracting the iron from the sand, the iron will be on the magnet and very hard to separate from the magnet. Thus using glad wrap over the magnet the glad-wrap will be easily removed from the magnet as it is nonmagnetic and the iron fillings would be easily poured onto a watch glass. Once extrapolating the obvious and simple substances from the mixture, it is then appropriate to separate the methylated spirits. Methylated spirits also known as ethanol is a alcohol which consists of a certain percent of methanol added to it to create a poisons drinking substance. Methylated spirits is a polar molecule, its hydrogens, carbons and oxygens all distribute positively and negatively charges, thus creating a polar molecule. As Methylated spirits is polar it is miscible in water. Therefore as it is miscible in water the group will find filtering and decanting not an option to separate the methylated spirits from the water. Thus the group will use fractional distillation. However it is appropriate to explain why methylated spirits have a lower boiling point that Figure 7  water and this is all about the chemical structure of methylated spirits and water (H20). Methylated spirits undergo a reaction to form a hydrogen bond. As hydrogen bonds form between Hydrogens and a highly electronegative atom namely, 0, F and N, methylated spirits fall into this category. Methylated spirits contain a hydrogen and a highly electronegative oxygen atom, thus the reaction of hydrogen bonding will occur, this is seen in figure 8. Despite water is polar and also miscible in methylated spirits (metho) it does not have the same chemical structure as does methylated spirits. Water has a smaller structure and can continuously form hydrogen bonds thus enhancing its molecular strength as metho does not continue forming hydrogen bonds. This is shown in figure 9. Both figure 8 and 9 show the difference between the hydrogen bonding of both metho and H20, it is evident that water consists of very strong intermolecular forces as it is continuously forming, however metho has less opportunity for hydrogen bonding, thus its formation in structure is weaker. Therefore it is evident that the metho will need less energy to deconstruct its chemical structure compared to water as it will need more energy to breakdown its strong hydrogen bonding. Therefore based on this information it will be efficient to use fractional distillation as methylated spirits will be evaporated and be collected as the dilute. Fractional distillation is the method of separating mixtures into their original individual components based on boiling the substance that is wanting to be found boiling point. Therefore a thermometer is used to signify the what the temperature of the mixture is boiling at and as soon as it hits the boiling point of the substance wanting to be extrapolated, the gas then rises into a condenser and the condenser then condenses the gas back into a liquid, slowly dripping the liquid back into its original form. As methylated spirits has a lower boiling point (70-80 degrees)than water (100 degrees) it will be appropriate to use the fractional distillation method to find the amount of methylated spirits in the mixture. Two substances that were left in the mixture were both sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. Both these salts are soluble in water due to their chemical structures. Sodium chloride is well known as a halite (rock salt), salt which is situated in the oceans and is more chemically known as an ionic compound. As seen in figure 11, its chemical structure is very strong as it consists of an ionic bonding. The lattice structure of the ionic bonding between the two compounds creates a very strong chemical structure. In return this defines why sodium has such a high boiling point of 1413 degrees as the chemical structure needs stacks of energy to break down the composition. Sodium sulfate with the formula Na2SO, has an extremely similer structure as sodium chloride. At its solid form sodium sulfate forms a white crystal also known as a salt. Its ionic structure very alike to sodium chloride defines the reason why it also has a high boiling point of (..). Both sodium sulfate and sodium chloride are soluble in water. As H20 water is a polar molecule, in other words consists of uneven distribution of charges, the negatively charged oxygen the end of the water is attracted to the positive sodium ion in the salt. As seen in figure 12 the reaction shows the oxygen extracts the lattice structure of in this case sodium chloride, however also sodium sulfate. Therefore putting more water molecules surrounding the salt, enabling it to de-solve. (Wiki answers.com, year unknown). NaCl(s) + H2O > Na+(aq) +Cl-(aq) + H2O Therefore no separation technique can be applied to either sodium sulfhate or sodium chloride as they are both salts and dissolve in water. As they both are miscible in water and impossible to decant, filtrate, evaporate or use fractional distillation. Creating one of the solutions to form a insoluble compound would be highly affected and would then be able to filtrate out. To separate the NaCl Na2SO4 from the mixture, it was evident to use a ionic compound that reacted with an opposite charge, such as +cation attracts -anion. Therefore Barium Chloride chemical formula BaCl has two separate ionic charges Ba2+ and Cl-. These two ions are attracted to their opposite charges when coming into contact with them. This can be seen in the formula below. When adding BaCl to the mixture the following reaction will occur. BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSo4 + 2Na+ CL- The formula above represents the reaction of Barium and sulfate creating a solid, whereas the Na and Cl are left by themselves as spectators as they do not undergo a reaction. This then creates a insoluble solution which can be filtrated out using the basic filtration method, as mentioned before regarding sand and iron. Therefore analyzing the chemical and physical components of each substance that is present in the mixture, it was evident to what separation would be applicable to each substance; this can be seen in the flow chart below. It was then hypothesized that based on these physical and chemical properties, each substance would be extrapolated giving a 5% error range for any mistakes made throughout the experiment. Flow chart This flow chart represents what method for each substance was used to separate it from the mixture. Apparatus Evaporating disk Separation funnel Filtration funnel Filter paper Boss clamp and Retort stand Measuring cylinder 5 Beakers 0.6g of Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4) Atomic weight scales 13ml of Vegetable Oil Spatula Barium Chloride (BaCl2) 1.3g of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Glad Wrap Electronic heating mantle 5 distillation-tube clips Round bottom flask Condensing tube Thermometer Stand Glass Rod Distillation tube 5.5g of Sand (SiO2) 2.4g of Iron fillings (Fe) Water (H2O) 25ml of Methylated Spirits Magnet Method The mixture was poured into a beaker using a stirring rod for more accuracy, separating the hexane from the mixture. The hexane was then put into a separation funnel with the mixture beaker under the tap, to retrieve any droplets of water that were still in the hexane. Thus the hexane was completely separated from the mixture. Filtration equipment was set up appropriately ready for use. Sand iron was poured through the filter paper (*2) Beaker retrieved all the liquid, thus separating the iron and sand. Sand iron put on watch glass and left over night to dry; enabling separation. Magnet covered in glad-wrap appropriately separated iron from sand. Both Sand iron were put on separate watch glasses. Fractional distillation equipment set up appropriately. Heat box turned on to boil the methylated spirits. Thermometer used to signify the boiling point of methylated spirits. Methylated spirits boiled and evaporated. Methylated spirits went through condenser; gas underwent a physical change back to the liquid (methylated spirit). Methylated spirits separated from mixture and placed in beaker. Using calculations the amount of BaCl that was needed to react with Na2So4 was found Using an electric weighing machine an exact value of Barium was then added to the mixture containing NaCl and Na2S04. BaSo4 became insoluble in the mixture, thus setting up the filtration equipment was needed. Filtration set up for separation BaS04 separated using filtration with two funnel papers and a funnel. BaS04 put on a watch glass for drying. NaCl and water was left in the mixture, thus the use of evaporating was used. Electric heater, a round bottom conical flask, condenser and tubes were set up to evaporate the water from the NaCl. Water was placed into a separate beaker and then placed in the air drying area to evaporate any extra water, leaving an accurate solution of NaCl. Discussion This extended experimental investigation determined whether a substance can be separated effectively based on its chemical and physical components, allowing 5% to pass as an accurate result. Therefore analyzing the results in table into graphs will be most efficient to display the data. Graph 1 compares actual mass to the experimental mass of only gram solutions. It is evident to note that all the mixtures despite the outliers barium sulfate and sodium sulfate are in an error range of 5-10%. The most accurate result was the iron fillings; 99.17% of the iron fillings were extrapolated from the mixture. The 2nd most efficient extrapolated data was the sodium chloride with 96% extrapolated. Sand was also quite efficiently extrapolated however only 89.45% was separated from the mixture. The two drastic outliers did however have a major effect on the hypotheses. As barium sulfate sodium sulfate had only 50% separated from the mixture. Analyzing graph 2 it is appropriate to suggest that the methods that were used to extrapolate methylated spirits and hexane may not have been most appropriate as there was in both hexane and methylated spirits 1 ml missing (4%). However despite this diminutive difference it is acknowledgeable to suggest that the techniques did work as 96% of both hexane and methylated spirits was extrapolated from the mixture. Therefore the hypothesis was proven correct as there was a 4% error. However it is recommended that if the experiment was to be done again different methods of separation may apply to both hexane and methylated spirits. It is therefore appropriate to suggest that the hypothesis was proven wrong as the sand, barium sulfate and sodium sulfate all had more than a 5% error range. Many variable may have caused the inaccurate results of all substances, as it must be notable not one substance was fully extrapolated to 100%. Finding the right amount of each substance was extremely important as it then proved that mixtures can be separated based on their physical and chemical properties. The erroneous results create room for discussion into what may have caused the different result. One major variable may be the use of equipment. Hexane was separated using decanting with a stirring rod and manually pouring the oil into another container, however there was 1ml of hexane missing the reason to why may been defined as not enough care when titrating or maybe the whole techniques was wrong itself.

Compare and Contrast on Abortion

ENGL 1005 Prof. Michel Schtakleff October 2, 2012 Three-quarters of a million teens between 15 and 19 become pregnant each year (Get). How as a teen would you feel confronting a parent regarding birth control? What if you did not have a parent to go get birth control with? Some adolescents do not have a good support system that would be willing to do that. Additionally, many pregnant teens feel that abortion is the only solution to their problem.With teen pregnancy being so prominent in today’s society and many teens seeking out dangerous solutions, such as abortion, young adolescent girls ages fifteen and older should be able to receive birth control from their doctor without parental consent. About 820,000 teen pregnancies occur in the United States annually. This means that thirty-four percent of young females will have at least one pregnancy before reaching the age of twenty. Eighty percent of these teen pregnancies are unintended (Statistics).A sexually active teenager no t using any contraceptive has a ninety percent chance of getting pregnant within a year (Get). These statistics will only continue to rise if teenagers under the age of eighteen are unable to receive birth control without parental consent. Teen pregnancy is a cycle, â€Å"girls born to teen parents are almost 33% more likely to become teen parents themselves, continuing the cycle of teen pregnancy (Importance). † Considering these facts, it is evident that it could all be prevented simply by allowing young girls to obtain a birth control prescription from their medical doctor. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. The children born to teen mothers are at greater risk of being an indicated case of child abuse or neglect. Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: -less abortion -younger teen=abortion more likely -1/3 of pregnant teens seek an abortion Works Cited â€Å"FSU Center for Prevention and Early Intervention Policy. † FSU Center for Prevention and Early Intervention Policy. N. p. , n. d. Web . 02 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Get the Facts. † Get the Facts. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Teen Pregnancy Statistics – Teen Pregnancy. † Teen Pregnancy Statistics – Teen Pregnancy. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Teen Pregnancy: The Importance of Prevention. † Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 05 Apr. 2011. Web. 02 Oct. 2012. .

Air New Zealand Essay

Air New Zealand began as Tasman Empire Airways Limited which from 1940 has been operating Short Empire flying boats on trans-Tasman routes. Tasman Empire Airways Limited has operated flights in world war II weekly from Auckland to Sydney and also added Fiji and Wellington to its route. In 1953 New Zealand and Australian governments purchased 50% stakes in Tasman Empire Airways Limited and the airline ended flying boat operations in favor of propeller and turboprop airliners by 1960. With the introduction of the DC-8 in 1965, Tasman Empire Airways Limited became Air New Zealand—the New Zealand government purchased Australia’s 50% stake in the carrier. In 1978, the domestic airline National Airways Corporation and its subsidiary Safe Air were merged into Air New Zealand to form a single national airline, further expanding the carrier’s operations. As a result, NAC’s Boeing 737 and Fokker F27 aircraft joined Air New Zealand’s fleet alongside its DC-8 and DC-10 airliners. In 1981, Air New Zealand introduced its first Boeing 747 airliner, and a year later initiated service to London, United Kingdom. 1985 saw the introduction of Boeing 767-200ER airliners to fill the large size gap between the Boeing 737 and 747. In 1989 the airline was privatized with a sale to a consortium headed by Brielle Investments Ltd. The New Zealand air transport market underwent deregulation in 1990, prompting Air New Zealand to acquire a 50% stake in Ansett Australia in 1995. PART A- TASK 1 Outcome 1- assess the potential for market segmentation A) Resource implications: We urge the Advisory Group to consider the human resource implications for these employees and the consequent impact any restructuring consultation has on their morale and productivity. HRINZ (Human Resource Institution of New Zealand) is the professional organization for people who are interested or involved in the management and development of human resources in the workplace. HRINZ (Human Resource Institution of New Zealand) represents the interests of individual members only. B) Understanding and meeting customer needs: They meet every requirement of the customer travelling in air new Zealand. They provide every kind of facility to the customers and fulfill the needs and demands of people. C) Identification of competitor activates: The following is a list of airlines,  other than Air New Zealand, who have joined the domestic air travel market in New Zealand over the last 20 years: Ansett New Zealand Kiwi Air Freedom Air Origin Pacific Jet Connect D) Evaluation of market performance: There are some kind of problems with air new Zealand like people feel like food is not proper but now they have evaluated the things. They provide better service to the customers and they are happy. E) Segment viability and attractiveness: Air New Zealand topped eight of the ten attractiveness categories in national airline, which offers the best salary, career progression and work-life balance opportunities, as well as quality training and strong management. Air New Zealand was rated well in the study, which assessed organizations perceived attractiveness amongst the country’s working and non working population. In 2012, Air New Zealand took out the top spot for strong management, interesting job content, pleasant working atmosphere, and salary and employee benefits, and was also noted for providing good training for its employees. PART B- TASK 2 Outcome 2- apply market segmentation processes 2. Profile the segmentation A) Geographic segmentation: Geographic Segmentation calls for dividing the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, provinces, parishes, cities, or even neighborhoods. A company may decide to operate in one or a few geographical areas, or to operate in all areas but pay attention to geographical differences in needs and wants. World region or country: Europe, Spain, Africa, Ivory Coast, Middle East, Qatar, North America, Canada Country region: East Asia, South Asia, North Asia City size: Under 5,000; 5,000-20,000; 20,000-50,000; 50,000-100,000; 100,000-250,000; 250,000- 500,000; 500,000-1,000,000; 1,000,000-4,000,000; over 4,000,000 Density: Urban, suburban, exurban, rural Climate: Northern, southern B) Demographic segmentation: Demographic Segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, and nationality. Age Under: 20-34; 35-49; 50-64; 65+ Gender: Male, Female Family size: 1-2; 3-4; 5+ Family life cycle: Young, single, married with no children, married with children, single parents, unmarried couples, older, married, no children under 18 or older, single, other Income: Under â‚ ¬ 20,000; â‚ ¬ 20,000-â‚ ¬ 30,000; â‚ ¬ 30,000-â‚ ¬ 50,000; â‚ ¬ 50,000-â‚ ¬ 100,000; â‚ ¬ 100,000-â‚ ¬ 250,000; â‚ ¬ 250,000 and over Occupation: Professional and technical, managers, officials, and proprietors; clerical; sales; craftspeople; supervisors; farmers; retired; students; homemakers; unemployed Education: Primary School or less, some secondary school, secondary school graduate, some college, college graduate Religion: Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, other Race: Asian, Hispanic, Black, White Nationality: British, Swiss, Spanish French, German, Italian, Japanese C) Psychographic segmentation: Psychographic Segmentation divides buyers into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. People in the same demographic group can have very different psychographic profiles. Social class: Lower lowers; upper lowers; working class; middle class; upper middles; lower uppers; upper uppers Lifestyle: Achievers; strivers; survivors Personality: Compulsive; gregarious; authoritarian; ambitious D) Behaviour segmentation: Behavioral Segmentation divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses to a product or service Many marketers believe that behavior variables are the best  starting point for building market segments. Occasions: Regular occasion; special occasion; holiday; seasonal Benefits: Quality; service; economy; convenience; speed User status: Nonuser; ex-user; potential user; first-time user; regular user User rates: Light user; medium user; heavy user Loyalty status: None; medium; strong; absolute Readiness stage: unaware; aware; informed; interested; desirous; intending to buy Attitude toward product: Enthusiastic; positive; indifferent; negative; hostile 3. Evaluation on segment potential for following A) Product usage and potential: they product used in air New Zealand are of very good quality. If you’re booked to travel in Economy on a 777-300 long-haul international service, you can choose to upgrade to our Skycouchâ„ ¢ with this upgrade product option. It is important that you request your product upgrade on the website for the currency you used to purchase your flights. For bookings paid in Euros, please use our Continental European website, www.airnewzealand.eu, to upgrade the products in your booking. B) Competition: Due to poor industry returns, the airline industry is fiercely competitive. In the long-haul market, Air NZ is exposed to both direct competition, as well as competition from different airline alliances (West, 2009). Comparatively, competition in the long-haul market isles intense than short-haul and domestic markets due to the lack of substitutes as well as increased brand identity. Additionally, competitive pressure in the long-haul market is somewhat all evicted as a result of codeshare alliance agreements. C) Segment attractiveness: There can be no greater vote of confidence in the growth potential of the airline, and of the attractiveness of New Zealand as an international destination, than expanding and upgrading our fleet. D) Organizational objectives and resources: Key goals are maximize the overall Group return on capital employed , Bring diversity and balance to the Group’s earning streams , Take full advantage of the Group’s competencies in ma rkets where we have influence. PART C- TASK 3 Outcome 3- Determine target market and positioning strategy 4. Select one that is suitable and why other strategies are not suitable. A) Undifferentiated marketing- An undifferentiated targeting strategy is used when a company decides to communicate the benefits of its product by sending the same promotional message to everyone. For an undifferentiated strategy to be successful, the company’s product must be readily available and affordable and must provide the same benefits to all consumers. Very few companies with consumer products meet these criteria. B) Differentiated marketing-Differentiated product markets are those in which the product offering of suppliers varies to some degree and in which buyers make their purchase decision on the basis of product characteristics as well as price. In such a market, suppliers’ products are imperfect substitutes for one another and less close substitutes impose a lesser competitive constraint than others. C) concentrated marketing-A concentrated marketing strategy is targeted to one specific market segment or audience. For example, a company might market a product specifically for teenage girls, or a retailer might market his business to residents in a specific town. Concentrated marketing strategies are often geared for smaller groups of people, because they are designed to appeal to a specific segment. 5. Justify strategy in terms of organizational marketing objectives A) Sales- By selling the Product to the purchaser, Air NZ does not guarantee any freight services. Any such services must be arranged and paid for with Air NZ separately and will be subject to Air NZ’s Conditions of Carriage – Cargo which can be viewed at Conditions of Carriage Cargo International. Air NZ does not guarantee that the Product will meet Air NZ’s cage requirements (such as fleet hold size and / or capacity on any particular flight), or IATA requirements, for cargo or baggage on any da te in the future on which the purchaser wishes to use the Product for carriage of any animal, on Air NZ or any other carrier. The current requirements can be found at Travelling with Pets. B) Attitude: As a final variable to the behavioural segmentation is attitude toward a product. People can be divided into segments based on whether they have an enthusiastic, positive, indifferent, negative or hostile attitude toward a product. By considering the customers’ attitudes toward a brand or product the company will get a wide-ranging view of the market and its segments C) Revenue- Air New Zealand has refreshed its core strategy to drive  sustainable, profitable growth across the Air New Zealand Group. Optimise your career in this opportunity to create value at the core where key business decisions and plans impact shareholders’ value and deliver to the growth strategy. Lead and develop the long term strategy and maximise revenue growth and performance and manage the Ancillary Revenue Team. You will develop a long term strategy for ancillary revenue that maximises revenue growth opportunities and delivers product enhancements that customers value. As well as defining annual roadmaps for ancillary product development that deliver the strategy. You will also lead the tactical performance management of ancillary revenue performance process across multiple sales regions and channels. D) Organizational goals- Air New Zealand Limited is an international and domestic airline group that is publicly listed on both the New Zealand Stock Exchange (ticker: AIR) and Australian Stock Exchange (ticker: AIZ). We are principally involved in providing air passenger and cargo transport services to, from and within New Zealand. Air New Zealand directly serves 51 cities in 13 countries (including 26 destinations within New Zealand). The most recent additions to the route network include direct flights to Adelaide, San Francisco, Shanghai, Vancouver and Beijing. In the financial year to June 30, 2008, we carried almost 13.2 million passengers Flights range from a 25 minute Wellington to Blenheim trip, to a 14 hour, 11,571 km flight from Vancouver to Auckland. Air New Zealand is a member of the Star Alliance, the world’s largest multi-national alliance, providing access to 965 airports in 162 countries. E) Awareness-New Zealand’s brand awareness is flying high following recent wins for best image and number one dream holiday destination. In April, both UK and India travellers voted New Zealand number one dream holiday destination in Trip Advisor’s bi-annual Trip Barometer study, with 33 per cent of Indian travellers voting for New Zealand and nearly seven out of ten respondents saying they planned to travel abroad in 2014 to destinations including New Zealand 6. Establish positioning variables of market segments A) Usage and users- The usage rate segmentation divides the customers  according to how much they use a product. They are divided into groups of non-users, light, medium and heavy product users and companies often seek to target one heavy user rather than several light users . This is due to the fact that the heavy users constitute a small percentage of the market but account for a high percentage of the total buying .Thus a company should seek to adapt their marketing strategy according to these customers B) Product class- health and safety in employment act- safeguarding passenger and airline staff safety. Ensure best standard food for people. C) Competition- Air New Zealand’s low-cost operator, Freedom Air was established in 1995 in response to the launch of Kiwi Air (see above). The airline operates services from New Zealand to Australia and Fiji, and briefly operated on the main-trunk domestic routes.On September 6, 2007, Air New Zealand announced it was folding Freedom Air into the main airline, pointing to changes in the market, and the fact that there was little difference in consumer pricing between the two airlines. D) Lifestyle factors-Lifestyle and environment affect health and are shaped by socio-economic factors. The material circumstances of people’s lives and the behavioural choices they make are influenced by things like income, employment status and education. E) Consumer needs and benefits- following is the example for consumer needs and benefits: Delivering baggage on time: Air New Zealand will make every effort to ensure your bags arrive at your destination on schedule. Despite all care being taken, baggage sorting systems are complex and involve both human and mechanical interaction which sometimes results in baggage being delayed. In the event that your baggage is delayed, Air New Zealand will endeavour to have it returned to you within 24 hours of receiving your written missing baggage claim. We will provide you with an amenity kit on request and if we are not able to return your bags within 24 hours, authorise limited emergency expenses to be issued to you. PART D- TASK 4 Outcome 4- Identify, research and evaluate opportunities for business development 7. Implications for marketing strategies for each of organizational market The following are some implications for marketing a New strategy for new times b Segment and decide c Look at distribution channels d Help the consumer- teach, train, comfort and reassure e Communication f Find new pastures, Keep permanent hand on pulse of consumer 8. Monitoring mechanism for market positioning strategies to strategic marketing plans. Air New Zealand target to provide best service to the customers with unique and refresh kiwi way. Air New Zealand challenges with finding forward the thinking ways to engage and provide services to the customers. Air New Zealand and UK sought out new styles top use email to focus on customer relationship and their feedback to their unique services. Air NZ welcomes this approach. It is a much needed departure from the artificial distinctions previously drawn between â€Å"aeronautical† and â€Å"non-aeronautical† in respect of an airport’s business. There is widespread international acceptance of airports’ market power in operations such as car parking, retail space in the terminal, and taxi access to airports. Customers just loved the all facilities available for them at air new Zealand and the unique service provided to the customer during their journey. They have online support when we have any enquiries regarding their services and all about the journey. If any complaints air new Zealand committed to meet customers’ expectations and make customers to have an amazing journey with them. Air new Zealand dedicated to reach a goal of zero complaints across their business.